State agricultural overview

North Dakota crop calendar.

Zone 4a
Range 3a to 4b
125-day season
Last frost May 20
First frost September 20

13 primary crops with planting windows for North Dakota. Calendar timing is anchored to 4a dominant hardiness zone and a 125-day growing season — verify against NDSU Extension for variety- and county-specific guidance.

Row Crop · North Dakota

Sunflowers
primary
Spring: May 27 – June 24
Corn
secondary
Spring: May 20 – June 10
Soybeans
secondary
Spring: June 3 – June 24
Winter Wheat
secondary
Fall: September 13 – October 4
Grain Sorghum
limited
Spring: June 10 – July 8
Cotton
trial
Spring: June 3 – June 24

Vegetables · North Dakota

Cucumbers
primary
Spring: June 3 – July 8
Peppers
primary
Spring: June 10 – July 1
Potatoes
primary
Spring: May 6 – May 27
Fall: July 7 – July 22
Pumpkins
primary
Spring: June 10 – July 8
Sweet Corn
primary
Spring: May 20 – June 24
Tomatoes
primary
Spring: June 3 – June 24

Forages · North Dakota

Alfalfa
primary
Spring: May 13 – June 10
Fall: July 22 – August 6
Clover
primary
Spring: April 29 – May 27
Fall: July 22 – August 6

Cover Crops · North Dakota

Brassicas
primary
Fall: July 7 – July 22
Buckwheat
primary
Spring: July 15 – August 12
Cereal Oats
primary
Spring: May 13 – June 10
Fall: July 22 – August 6
Winter Rye
primary
Fall: September 13 – October 4

Frost & extension reference

North Dakota climate anchors.

Last frost

May 20

First frost

September 20

Growing season

125 days

Hardiness zone

North Dakota county-level frost dates →NDSU Extension →

North Dakota planting timing. Live alerts.

Bield: Farm ties weather and soil-temperature stations in your county to crop planting thresholds — get notified the day soil temp clears your target window.

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