Excursion behavior pulls some mature bucks completely off their summer property during peak. He's rutting hard — just two miles north on the neighbor's. Other bucks lock down on a single doe in a thicket and stay invisible for 30 hours, repeated multiple times across a 10-day window. The rut is happening; you're not seeing it.
Genuine non-rutting bucks exist but are rare: cryptorchid bucks (retained testes) develop velvet antlers and skip breeding, and some old-age bucks past their peak breed less. If your buck has hard antlers and tested testosterone-driven sign in October, he's rutting somewhere.